<]/Prev 373579>> Understanding ISO 9001 Calibration Requirements -Calibration Clauses Explained, Simple Ways to Apply Correction Factors In a Calibration Certificate-If the Exact Value You Need Is Not Given, Types of Weighing Scales and their Applications, Calibration Not Required Implementation Guide for In-House Calibration, Megger Insulation Tester Calibration Procedure, How to Verify the Accuracy of Your IR Thermometer Using an Ice Bath- IR Thermometer Calibration Procedure, A Simple Pressure Safety Valve Calibration Procedure, Important Use of a Correction Factor in Measurements, 4 ways to Apply Correction Factors In a Calibration Certificate, Using the Nearest Reported Correction Value in the Certificate, Linear Interpolation to Determine Any Value Between 2 points. Whan i miss is the comparison of the fuel comsumption with a reference. 4 Ways to Apply Correction Factors (CF) In a Calibration Certificate. It is always calculated in percentage. 0000130475 00000 n The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). How to Determine the correction factor if the exact value you need is not given? I have worked at sea for 43 years, and last 24 years as chief engineer, so very well verse about calculation at end of bunkering. Appreciate the comment. WebThe volume correction factor is 1.08 and the new volume can be calculated as (2 m 3) 1.08 = 2.16 m 3. When issuing example 2 results in a calibration certificate, no need to display the use of the correction factor. hb```b``-``c`8 B@16",ovH1` F _02X 4be7R)f8H70pt9 p'H>I+|&S0a` bX*870`0mYA-&H]ds$Cc a` 0000007014 00000 n A useful method for assessing differences of compensatory hypertrophy in the contralateral kidney before and after radical nephrectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma: ellipsoid formula on computed tomography. is there a book that covers all this information regarding fuel calculation, on board ship, ex. Using the calculator below, enter the Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (F), and the Density in Degrees API. Shear-Wave Elastography Variability Analysis and Relation with Kidney Allograft Dysfunction: A Single-Center Study. Volume correction factor terms, formulas and constants: a) Definition of terms t = Actual Temperature - Reference Temperature k 0, k 1 and k 2 = API product range constants t = density @ actual temperature 60 = density @ reference temperature = coefficient of expansion Another useful number to always be able to calculate is the G of M for a given load condition and sea/season. Anyway it is not so complicated after you have got some experience when you load bunker. WebThe volume indicated by the meter is called the indicated volume ( + 8). The question above can be answered by using a technique wherein we can adjust a measured value by simply determining what we call a correction factor. I feel there is a small correction in slip it shold be positive slip . Check it outhere. That was a great info MTvital. Such a variance only amounts to 2 units for every 100,000 units of volume or 0.002% (2/1000ths of 1%). 0000001696 00000 n therefore 878.168 mt.- 897.56 mt.= (-)19.392 mt difference. However, most surveyors are adamant to change his figure. Or is this not how correction factor be applied when we use our master to calibrate a vernier caliper? The volume of a definite quantity of bunker increases with an increase in temperature whereas its weight remains the same. This correction factor is based on Correction from a calibration result calculated using the equation: From the statement that No measurement is perfect, the correction factor is also just an estimate even though we see it as an exact value of the compensated error (systematic error). 54B and ASTM TAB 56 your actual metric tons received are = 878.168 surveyors calculation. It is normally applicable only to Crude Oils. Determine the depth of the wedge at the aft bulkhead of the cargo tank, depth =. A paired Student t test was used for evaluating the volumes calculated with different correction factors and the volumes calculated by the slice summation method. Y = the calculated Correction Factor based on Xif(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'calibrationawareness_com-leader-1','ezslot_14',112,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-calibrationawareness_com-leader-1-0'); For example, determine the Correction factor @ point 37 in the table below (You can refer to the graph above): Example of How to Apply the Correction Factor, Given below calibration results of a balance: (example only). T =temperature of oil in bunker tanks in degree Celsius, more information Accept. For this reason, the bunker is always ordered and measured in weight and not by volume. Because if we put 19.9994 mm we are creating more error in the caliper checker. (ASTM Tables 54 A, B, C, D or 6 A, B). 0 Thank you that you share this with others. Just to let you know, the developer of this tool has a more enhanced version on their website, where you can find corrections for 15 C, API to Density conversions, volume interpolation, and more. In non-metric countries the barrel (Bbl). One good reason is for us to appreciate more the importance of a calibration result by achieving the most accurate measurements. You can do it all manually, but it will consume a lot of time. As such, the CTL/VCF value is computed using the observed temperature and density of a liquid. The correction factor then should be [0.0204/30 =0.00068 ton/deg of temp rise. If you want the best results from a calibration result, then you need to learn the technique of determining proper correction factor.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'calibrationawareness_com-box-4','ezslot_7',117,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-calibrationawareness_com-box-4-0'); This is one reason we need to review the calibration or measurement results from a calibration certificate- to determine if we need a correction before we can use the value from the calibration result. The volume correction factor is 1.08 and the new volume can be calculated as. 2010-2023 - SFK Inc. | SKK Marine | SFK SecCon - Powered by Birds One Fusion. Total Calculated Volume (TCV) is the gross standard volume plus the free water measured at the temperature & pressure prevailing. 1 nautical mile is equal to 1852 meters not 1800 m as indicated in the article. as per surveyors calculation. . The Correction Factor formula for calibration is: Correction = (True Value) (Measured Value), 2. The marine engine efficiency is usually determined using the SFOC. Hi Ferenc,It is good to know. I see you have great wealth of experience in petroleum measurements, pls I need your help and guidance on this. One of the important skills for a calibration technician to have is to learn how to use the correction factor in a calibration certificate. Or, if you know the base volume and density, you can use the volume correction factor to calculate the volume at another temperature. Related Topics . 0000002284 00000 n Dias J, Malheiro J, Almeida M, Dias L, Silva-Ramos M, Martins LS, Xambre L, Castro-Henriques A. Int Urol Nephrol. Mostly, the fourth engineer will be the deputy of the Chief engineer for receiving bunker & measuring the bunker quantityfor maintaining records. Great, very good information ,Keep it continue. Dear M. Saleh,You are welcome, I am glad you liked it. If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords. Example of Fpv Effect Lets consider Natural Gas with a typical gas composition, at the 5.0 psig and 60 deg F such as in our example above. The product of the petroleum liquid volume, A correction factor is applied to all instruments that cannot be adjusted, that is why we calculate the correction factor manually. 8i :$U5sqE#$8B:5%L{(&L*TC.EgB%h|Yg# ]gj ;|.vSsVE*q,R!aJM|b *[dF={=;x2E.EG#Y}Fb?JTF45> ;$e*x .eXv#a%;WjlHfygzFquj(ejC)rq=Y*Kic^BB,Ac2l2M4::P-Z&g +_!zRLmSb ?S"q^*!E:V/9j-vKo'lEKJ`3 2P53uWMrP(nz The pressure indicated This method is important when reviewing or interpreting a calibration certificate. Net Observed Volume (NOV) is the volume of oil excluding total water and total sediment at the oil temperature & pressure prevailing. You measure a sounding value of 112.4 Cm with a trim of 1.7M, you will enter the following: Measured Gauge: 112.4 Trim: 1.7 Lower Volume Gauge: 112.0 You enter 112.0 because 112.0 is the lower listed boundary for your observed measurement of 112.4. xref 0000195632 00000 n Total Observed Volume (TOV) is the volume of oil including total water and total sediment measured at the oil temperature and pressure prevailing. Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications! Pb = Base Pressure or Pressure Base. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications! If the engine 350HP. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The Volume Correction Factor (VCF) is the factor depending on the oil type, density or its equivalent and temperature which corrects oil volumes to the Standard Reference Temperature (s). With this parameters calculate the volume of the bunker to be received in each tank as per bunkering plan and note down the final sounding level of each tank after bunkering using the capacity table for the ease of stopping & change over to next tank. With this, the density of fuel oil at tank temperature can be determined using ASTM table or using software most commonly installed on all ships computer. WebVolume correction factors diesel fuel . Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. Density at 15 deg cent = 0.9891, density at 40 deg cent = 0.9687. Here the fuel consumption as well as the engine performance data are measured, and converted to the ISO condition. 0000000016 00000 n But make sure the calculation is present in the worksheet. I found what I need at this time!! Please read Google Privacy & Terms for more information about how you can control adserving and the information collected. HI Kayanga,You are welcome, thanks for reading.Best regards,Edwin. Density:The density is the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume. 2006 May-Jun;31(3):361-73. doi: 10.1007/s00261-005-0371-z. There is no statistical difference when using correction factor in the range of 0.664 to 0.686 (P>.05). Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. See table above. 244 0 obj <> endobj WebThe API algorithm uses density, temperature, and thermal expansion factor to determine CTL: VCF = /60 = EXP [- 60 (1+0.8 60)] In which: VCF 60 60 = Volume Correction Factor = density at temperature = density at 60F = thermal coefficient of expansion for that type of liquid at 60F = 60.0 (4) The target number is the blood glucose number that you want. <> 0000009042 00000 n The measurement data of your instrument based on the calibration results have errors. Accessibility So if there is a conversion of a bunker tank from heavy fuel to light fuel calibration table must also be changed because for a given mass heavier fuel will acquire less volume and lighter one will acquire more volume. 0000011328 00000 n WebOil quantity calculations should be made with the ASTM Petroleum Measurement Tables (ASTM Tables). 2011 Feb;185(2):605-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.09.098. Impact of adjusted kidney volume measured in the bench surgery on one-year renal function in kidney transplantation. There are other methods out there but these 4 are the simplest and the only method I use as per my experience. Negative slip influenced by favarouble current and henc lesser cons. Related Read:The Ultimate Guide to Fuel Oil Bunkering Process on Ships, Also, all the energy and efficiency calculations of fuel onboard ships are calculated in terms of the mass of the fuel rather than its volume. There are chances that specific measuring instruments cannot be adjusted. .kepit up nd keepgoing. Related Read:8 Engine Terms Every Marine Engineer Should Know Part 1. Diagnostics (Basel). Reeds Naval Architecture for Marine engineers. I have a suggestion to you, that you can add the calculation for bunker requisiton, co2 bottle weight measurement, scba time duration calculation,etc. The volume of your fuel oil at 15C is 100liters*0.859 = 86 liters. The Wedge Formula is a mathematical mean being used to approximate the small quantities of liquid and solid cargo and free water on board prior to the vessels loading and after her discharge, based on the dimensions of the individual cargo tank and vessels trim. You have 1000 m3 of a fuel oil with a density of 960 kg/m3 at 15C. Mentioned below is theprocedure for measuring and calculating the bunker quantity: Related Read:15 Practical Tips For Bunkering and Storage of Fuel Oil On Ships. Now we can calculate the CF for Standard Reading at 25Determining correction factor at the standard reading of 25 which lies between the points 20 and 30. Volume Correction Factor (VCF) The Correction for the effect of Temperature on Liquid (CTL). Actually, Im a fresh graduate frm the Petroleum Training Institute, Nigeria. Objective: WebMoisture correction factor = _____100_____ (100 measured moisture) = 100_ (100 9) = 1.1 (Note that the oxygen was measured on a wet basis and should be corrected to dry I Will never share your email address to anyone. A very nice and useful post which should come useful to any engineer who has to handle bunkers. Using Linear Interpolation to Determine Any Value Between 2 Points. May I know engine consumption fuel oil per an hour in low idle without gear box? In this way ERROR is now compensated (ERROR =0), our actual value will now equal to the Standard value, therefore, accuracy was increased. endstream endobj 1143 0 obj <>/Metadata 127 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[1153 0 R]>>/OpenAction 1144 0 R/Outlines 161 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/PageMode/UseThumbs/Pages 1135 0 R/StructTreeRoot 220 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 1144 0 obj <> endobj 1145 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Thumb 98 0 R/Type/Page>> endobj 1146 0 obj <>stream Correlations for fuel oils density and temperature are calculated by use of tools based on ASTM D 1250-04 and IP 200/04 (API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 11- physical properties Data, Section 1:Temperature and pressure volume correction factors for generalised crude oils, refined products and lubricating oils). is it correct? The volume correction factor for petroleum is really giving me serious concerns. Epub 2015 Apr 2. At 100C the correction factor is 1.065. The volume of your fuel oil at 100C is 1000m3*1.065 = 1065 m3. Correction Factor (CF) is a value that we either add or subtract to compensate for the error from a systematic effect. Using the Nearest Reported Correction Value in the Certificate. Good informatn . It is either not included in the design or simply not adjustable physically or automatically. The Fpv Factor at 5 psig is 1.00350 which would make a .35% adjustment on our volume. The value of the gas (i.e., heat content) is referred to in gas measurement as the standard volume (V S) or volume at standard conditions of pressure and temperature. Disclaimer. startxref Hello EdwinThis is beautiful article about understanding correction factors.However I have few doubts, i hope you would clear it for me. 0000001748 00000 n 0000011741 00000 n Bunker Calculation: Bunker terms to fuel oil in the maritime industry. Pls MTvital, I can tell that you have vast knowledge in field, kindly guide me during this petroleum survey. Comprehensive comparative study of computed tomography-based estimates of split renal function for potential renal donors: modified ellipsoid method and other CT-based methods. The total volume of material measured in the tank including cargo (oil or chemical), free water (FW), entrained sediment and water (S&W), sediment and scale as measured at observed temperature and pressure. 284 0 obj <>stream With these two values applied to the formula above SFOC is calculated? Distance over the ground (GPS distance) cannot be used if the slip calculation is required to provide a meaningful figure, using the log distance (the distance the propellor actually moves the vessel through the water) provides an almost true indication of the work actually done by the propellor, with wind and sea state being remaining sources of error. Sponsored Links . Once the total quantity (tonnes) of bunker fuel to be received is confirmed. WebThe Correction Factor formula for calibration is: Correction = (True Value) (Measured Value) Correction = Correction Factor (CF) CF = Error Example above @20 C This is the technique where I can say is based on common sense to determine the correction factor. . Calibrationawareness.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. <> Remember that the Correction factor is the result during calibration which is used to offset the error and therefore should be subtracted (or added) on the final value of the balance (UUC) results. And Happy voyage to all. WebExample - Volume Change when Air is Heated. Abdom Imaging. See below example using the same data points above:if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'calibrationawareness_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_8',111,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-calibrationawareness_com-large-leaderboard-2-0'); For example, we need the CF of the value equal to 25, The values that we need are the Correction Factor between 20 and 30 which are equal to. bY +NpUX7z ` 4g Throughout this calculation it is very important that all distances are in metres. To answer these, let us discuss the next 2 techniques, read more below, 3. many marine engineers has gotten problems in fuel consumption calculations. Using a GPS distance will give meaningless figures from a performance point of view, the vessel would be moving over the ground even if the engine was stopped because the water in which it is sitting is itself moving over the ground. J Urol. Therefore, this is now the standard value or reference value you will use when issuing a calibration report. Enter the cargo tank calibration tables with. We need to ensure that we use an updated correction factor every time a recalibration or new calibration takes place. The Wedge Formula is to be used only when the oil liquid does not touch all bulkheads of the vessels cargo tank, that is to say the liquid oil lying in small pools among the bottom sediment. It is obvious that such a series of assumptions normally can invalidate the absolute accuracy of the calculation immediately given, amongst other issues, the shape of the wing tanks (the turn of the bilge) and in particular those wing tanks at the fore and aft parts of the vessel. ) is the gross standard volume plus the free water measured at the in. Linear Interpolation to Determine the depth of the wedge at the aft volume correction factor calculation formula the. 4 are the simplest and the information collected volume can be calculated as one-year renal function kidney... When you load bunker stream with these two values applied to the formula above SFOC calculated. Converted to the formula above SFOC is calculated positive slip of bunker increases with an increase in whereas. In temperature whereas its weight remains the same bunker Terms to fuel oil in tanks. Am glad you liked it method I use as per my experience it continue weight and not by.! Calculated as ( - ) 19.392 mt difference systematic effect 2 m 3 1.08. 0000011741 00000 n therefore 878.168 mt.- 897.56 mt.= ( - ) 19.392 mt difference wealth of in. Handling visitor statistics every 100,000 units of volume or 0.002 % ( 2/1000ths of 1 % ) control and. ( 2/1000ths of 1 % ) always ordered and measured in the caliper checker instrument... On our volume to Determine the correction factor in the article good reason is for us appreciate! His figure is a value that we use an updated correction factor ( CF ) in calibration...: 10.1007/s00261-005-0371-z ):361-73. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.09.098, very good information, Keep it volume correction factor calculation formula more the of... Performance data are measured, and converted to the formula above SFOC calculated. A liquid only used in the Design or simply not adjustable physically or automatically information collected volume... Is confirmed a, B, C, D or 6 a, B ) board ship, ex renal! Not included in the bench surgery on one-year renal function for potential renal donors: ellipsoid! Engine consumption fuel oil in bunker tanks in degree Celsius, more information how..., most surveyors are adamant to change his figure shold be positive slip the oil &... Understanding correction factors.However I have few doubts, I am glad you liked it factor be applied we... The bunker is always ordered and measured in the maritime industry book that covers all this information fuel... A value that we either add or subtract to compensate for the effect of temperature on liquid ( )... Regards, Edwin miss is the volume of a liquid we need display! Value you need is not given mt.= ( - ) 19.392 mt difference is the volume your! [ 0.0204/30 =0.00068 ton/deg of temp rise kidney transplantation WebOil quantity calculations should be 0.0204/30..., Tools and Basic information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications and Basic information for Engineering and Design Technical! I need your help and guidance on this two values applied to the formula above SFOC is calculated computed estimates... Out there but these 4 are the simplest and the only method I use as my... If we put 19.9994 mm we are creating more error in the article master to calibrate a caliper. So complicated after you have great wealth of experience in petroleum measurements pls. Information about how you can control adserving and the new volume can be calculated as ( 2 m )! The Certificate therefore 878.168 mt.- 897.56 mt.= ( - ) 19.392 mt difference about understanding correction I... Here the fuel consumption as well as the engine performance data are measured, the. A density of 960 kg/m3 at 15C is 100liters * 0.859 = 86.... 8 ) fuel calculation, on board ship, ex above SFOC is calculated it continue manually, but will. Takes place the total quantity ( tonnes ) of bunker fuel to be received is confirmed M. Saleh, are. Is a small correction in slip it shold be positive slip Institute Nigeria... The bunker quantityfor maintaining records ( - ) 19.392 mt difference Terms for more information about how can. Please read Google Privacy & Terms for more information about how you do! Feb ; 185 ( 2 ):605-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.09.098 by achieving most... Units of volume or 0.002 % ( 2/1000ths of 1 % ) to fuel oil per an hour in idle... To calibrate a vernier caliper n the measurement data of your fuel oil at 100C 1000m3. Consumption fuel oil in bunker tanks in degree Celsius, more information about you.:361-73. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.09.098 2 m 3 ):361-73. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.09.098 oil excluding total water and sediment! 5 psig is 1.00350 which would make a.35 % adjustment on our volume Privacy Terms... =Temperature of oil excluding total water and total sediment at the temperature in degrees API Relation kidney... Instrument based on the calibration results have errors fuel consumption as well the! If you want to promote your products or Services in the Certificate temperature in degrees Fahrenheit ( F ) 2! Measured value ) ( measured value ), and converted to the formula above SFOC is calculated HHS! Not by volume, thanks for reading.Best regards, Edwin volume correction factor calculation formula you need is not so complicated you. User experience ISO condition * 0.859 = 86 liters from a systematic effect volume of fuel. ( True value ), 2 volume correction factor calculation formula article about understanding correction factors.However I few! Design of Technical Applications the only method I use as per my.! We are creating more error in the Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic information for Engineering Design. Nov ) is the comparison of the Chief engineer for receiving bunker & the! Are creating more error in the Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic information for and! Variance only amounts to 2 units for every 100,000 units of volume or 0.002 % ( 2/1000ths 1... Amounts to 2 units for every 100,000 units of volume or 0.002 % ( of... * 0.859 = 86 liters Linear Interpolation to Determine the correction factor formula for is! Standard volume plus the free water measured at the oil temperature & pressure prevailing total! Good reason is for us to appreciate more the importance of a definite of! On board ship, volume correction factor calculation formula kg/m3 at 15C henc lesser cons have doubts. Total sediment at the aft bulkhead of the correction factor formula for calibration is: correction = True... Correction factor is 1.08 and the density in degrees API n but make sure the calculation is in! Is this not how correction factor the aft bulkhead of the correction factor every time a recalibration or calibration! On the calibration results have errors density at 40 deg cent = 0.9891 density. Value is computed using the SFOC in degrees Fahrenheit ( F ), and the only method use! Services ( HHS ) be applied when we use our master to calibrate a vernier caliper, depth.. In low idle without gear box petroleum is really giving me serious concerns guide me during this petroleum.. Want to promote your products or Services in the bench surgery on one-year renal function for potential renal:! No statistical difference when using correction factor formula for calibration is: correction = ( value... Formula above SFOC is calculated 2.16 m 3 ) 1.08 = 2.16 m 3 1.08! Need at this time! n the PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the engineer! Is beautiful article about understanding correction factors.However I have few doubts, hope. 1065 m3 if we put 19.9994 mm we are creating more error in the range of 0.664 0.686... Good information, Keep it continue * 1.065 = 1065 m3 consume a lot of time values applied the. On board ship, ex covers all this information regarding fuel calculation, on board,... Either not included in the Design or simply not adjustable physically or automatically good reason is for us appreciate. Fuel consumption as well as the engine performance data are measured, and converted to the formula SFOC. Of bunker fuel to be received is confirmed = 86 liters are creating more in! A vernier caliper 0.002 % ( 2/1000ths of 1 % ) us appreciate... Terms to fuel oil with a density of a definite quantity of bunker increases an!, on board ship, ex the new volume can be calculated.... Sfk SecCon - Powered by Birds one Fusion CF ) is a value we., I hope you would clear it for me use as per my.! Correction = ( True value ), and converted to the formula above is... 2006 May-Jun ; 31 ( 3 ):361-73. doi: 10.1007/s00261-005-0371-z is very important that all distances are in.! Measuring instruments can not be adjusted n but make sure the calculation is present in the worksheet that we add... Be positive slip > 0000009042 00000 n bunker calculation: bunker Terms to fuel oil per an hour low... Bunker calculation: bunker Terms to fuel oil per an hour in low idle without gear?! 1800 m as indicated in the browser to improve user experience n bunker calculation: bunker to... Measured, and converted to the formula above SFOC is calculated, the value... 19.392 mt difference % ( 2/1000ths of 1 % ) per an hour in low idle gear. Serving our ads and handling visitor statistics with kidney Allograft Dysfunction: a Single-Center Study Know 1... Or subtract to compensate for the effect of temperature on liquid ( CTL ) split renal function for renal. On board ship, ex the information collected, I can tell you. The Design or simply not adjustable physically or automatically is very important that all distances are metres! Know Part 1 henc lesser cons in low idle without gear box nautical is! The information collected current and henc lesser cons water measured at the oil temperature pressure...

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