what percentage of mlb revenue comes from ticket sales

Ticket sales and concessions are not actually one of the main income streams of the NBA, TV rights make up over 50% of total revenue. And remember, everyone who confuses correlation with causation winds up dead. Who are the highest-earning Major League Baseball teams? billion or $43 million per team. If teams lower ticket prices too much, they could devalue their product and drive away those customers who still pay hundreds or thousands of dollars each season for a premium experience. The lion's share comes from revenue at its ballparks and via local broadcasts. MLB revenue Major League Baseball (MLB), with its 30 teams, generated around 9.56 billion U.S. dollars in total revenue in the 2021 season, a significant increase on the COVID-affected. The Marlins have a terrible deal which might be closer to 20M per season. If my local Mobil is charging too much, I can go to Sunoco or Hess or Citgo. Since 1992, when Bud Selig took over as commissioner on a full-time basis, league gross revenues have grown 377% when accounting for inflation. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast, The subreddit for the bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players. The Athletics averaged 20,521 fans a game this season compared with 19,427 a year ago. According to the report, growth in revenue was due in part because of television . Subscriptions support ongoing public baseball research and analysis in an increasingly proprietary environment. about 70 percent of the (gross) revenues come in on the day of . Their combined operating margin (earnings divided by revenues) was a healthy 13% (16% excluding Miami). Ticket prices are based on maximizing revenue, regardless of expense. The total value of all major league contracts was estimated at $11.6 billion in 2018. Those diverging trend lines fewer fans in the ballpark, but richer media fees and overall revenues make up an uncomfortable truth about baseball in the 21st century. ", Forbes & Statista, Major League Baseball total league revenue from 2001 to 2021 (in billion U.S. dollars) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/193466/total-league-revenue-of-the-mlb-since-2005/ (last visited March 01, 2023), Major League Baseball total league revenue from 2001 to 2021 (in billion U.S. dollars) [Graph], Forbes, & Statista, May 27, 2022. But baseball has found increasingly inventive ways to ramp up revenue from counter-intuitively reducing the number of seats in stadiums to selling streaming video of baseball games online hitting record high revenues for five consecutive years. In 2018, MLB's revenue was $10.3 billion, down from a peak of $11.5 billion in 2016. That explains how revenue can soar while attendance plummets. To provide some background There are practical reasons ticket prices are so high. Why is that $3.83 billion number significant? most powerful agent with more than $2.3 billion in current MLB contracts under It isnt going to die. You need at least a Starter Account to use this feature. February 29th, 2016 | Elliott R. Morss, Ph.D. December 13th, 2017 | Elliott R. Morss, Ph.D. Houston and the Red Sox are over the threshold by $15 million and $11 million respectively. The fan base is aging. Here is a quick rundown of where baseball stands, and how the spread of COVID-19 has changed baseball's economic landscape. Learn more about how Statista can support your business. These days, filling the seats is less crucial to baseballs bottom line. These values are based on a player's payroll compensation, which consists of a basic salary, incentives, and any signing bonus proration. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set At the same time, the Houston Astros, who are having their third straight 100-win season, have drawn 1,500 fewer fans each game. I continue to struggle with the comparison of an MLB franchise (or MLB in total) with other businesses. In, Forbes, und Statista. There already are. But the most significant stadium-based ad revenues in the modern era may be naming rights to the ballparks themselves. Reply. Billie wants to share all of his wisdom with the world, because he believes it's important for people to be successful in life, whether it be with sports or something else. Nike now manufactures the NBA's jerseys, replacing Adidas. Dr. Morss is available for private consulting assignments on all of his topics. contracts of the two Los Angeles teams and the New York Yankees. If the season is canceled and no games are played, players will not receive any additional money beyond that initial $170 million. Table 1. If Ford or Pepsi or Chevron or IBM has a bad year, they dont make up for it by jacking up prices the following year. I dont benefit, and neither do the Angels. Yeah, you got it. Heres where I have to delve into some basic economics. Rising prices, especially coming out of a recession, have likely contributed to baseballs dropping attendance. Like a Silicon Valley start-up, baseball realizes that its ticket challenges reflect broader competition for leisure spending, attention and time. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. Umpires are compensated based on a 182-day schedule but are paid year-round, similar to teachers. NEW YORK -- Major League Baseball's average salary rose 14.8% to a record $4.22 million last year after the end of the lockout, boosted by big deals for Max Scherzer, Francisco Lindor, Marcus . 2009. It was the fourth consecutive annual record, with an all-time record average of 32,785 in attendance per game. Mike Trout The 2021 draft could also be shortened to as few as 20 rounds under the agreement. The TV deal that the Dodgers have really stands out. available. Some industry observers note that these numbers dont reflect the broader ad revenue generated by RSNs the better to reduce a teams exposure to MLBs 21st-century regimen of revenue sharing. Mario Alioto, executive vice president for business operations with the San Francisco Giants, where average attendance dropped to 33,300 this season from 41,500 in 2016, said the team hasnt seen a drop-off in the number of season tickets sold since last year. Red Sox ownership says their aim is to get under the luxury tax threshold ASAP. A club exceeding the threshold for a second consecutive season will see that figure rise to 30%, and three or more straight seasons of exceeding the threshold comes with a 50% luxury tax. But baseball has found increasingly inventive ways to ramp up revenue from counterintuitively reducing the number of seats in stadiums to selling streaming video of baseball games online hitting record high revenues for five consecutive years. In hopes of putting it to rest. Please do not hesitate to contact me. Managers, coaches and scouts are generally paid year-round. Since Baltimore kicked things off back in 1992 with its urban-retro gem, Oriole Park at Camden Yards, 17 of 30 teams have built brand-new ballparks. billion for the 2014-2022 period or $567 million per year. In addition, by selling more than a half-million season subscriptions of live game video, priced from $80 to $120, and streaming as many as three million videos a day to meet demand, baseball gained a lucrative digital expertise. According to SNL Kagan Media Research, it took in revenues of $340.5 million in 2006 almost $40 million more than the team itself brought in that year. As noted in Table 1, local TV deals far exceed the value of But other expenses are probably quite similar among teams. The cheapest option grants fans standing room only access to all 81 games and a guaranteed seat for at least 10 games, with the option to purchase a seat for additional games. Why Conservatives And Liberals Should Green Light Green Sports And Entertainment Venues, PepsiCo Partnerships Play The Long Game To Inspire Women In Sports, Three NBA Teams That Should Consider Signing Carmelo Anthony. Over the last 10 years, league income has nearly doubled, resulting to a rise in the value of MLB teams. Was The RJ Barrett Extension A Mistake For The New York Knicks? But there is still interest in what he called premium experiences.. attendance has clubs turning to deals like standing room subscription passes. At the most basic level, MLB.com gets up to 8 million unique visitors a day during the season, offering a central spot for team news, merchandise, and ticket sales. Players Ages in Last Years of Contract (mil. Players can also not be placed on the restricted or retired lists, which would prevent them from being paid as well. Talks to determine whether ESPN and TBS continue to carry MLB nationally are ongoing, and those deals could kick in then as well. $30 million for 25 games in 2019. Its at the local level soaring sales of higher-priced tickets, concessions, and advertising at new theme-park style stadiums that MLB is hitting some of its biggest home runs. are put together. US$). And in the case of baseball, less attendance meant less demand for concessions and less value for in-stadium advertising. Dave Kaval, the Athletics president, said As Access membership has more than doubled this year, with 9,535 additional people purchasing the pass this season. Copyright 2023 CBS Interactive Inc. All rights reserved. Especially in this area where there are so many start-up tech companies, they want to come out, they want to hang, they want to have a meeting, the Giants Alioto said. The average MLB ticket price is up 87 percent in the past decade, and the 2008 cost is 10.9 percent more than last season. "This has been a total shutdown of Major League Baseball," Ricketts said. What happens beyond that date remains to be determined. Meanwhile, fees from baseball media rights are growing at a much faster rate. The Boston Red Sox were the most profitable team with $200 million in profits, followed by the Chicago Cubs ($185 million), Los Angeles Dodgers ($150 million), and New York Yankees ($140 million). This year, MLB Commissioner Bud Selig projects another record of more than 80 million in ticket sales. Major League Baseball total league revenue from 2001 to 2021 (in billion U.S. dollars) [Graph]. Bank Regulations Why the Current Approach Will Fail, Rand Paul This Budget Deal Is a Disaster, Democracy Is Broken: The Shameful Gun Vote of the US Senate, The Economics of the Global Entertainment Industry, Republican Economic Talking Points That Are Wrong. and ticket sales. Major League Baseball (MLB) has the highest annual revenue of any professional sports league in America. Major League Baseball saw record revenues for the 16th consecutive year in 2018. But economic theory says it wont happen. Because it covers teams from lost ticket sales in the event no games are played. As an HOK executive told Business 2.0: The event [baseball] is in the background. How much is the Houston Astros franchise worth? Are you interested in testing our business solutions? Guaranteed Contracts by Team (mil. Please enter valid email address to continue. So let's say if a team doesnt sell a ticket then thy wouldnt have to spend the money on concession staff, ticket takers, ushers etc.. they also would have to reduce security/ custodial staff. The Oakland Athletics, who play in one of baseballs most outdated stadiums, first implemented their subscription option As Access in 2017, and have gone further with it than any other major league team. Largest Contract Guarantees Going Forward (mil. But increasingly, teams are setting up their own cable TV channels, known as Regional Sports Networks (RSNs), giving them a larger share of advertising dollars than simply selling their rights for a fee, and also offering them a prime brand marketing vehicle. By far, the most common type of franchise is the single-game ticket, which starts at $10 for lower level seats and can increase depending on the location of tickets purchased. It is here that the story of last season surfaces and shows that even if there is an uptick in 2019, as of now, it is possible that it does not come back to the level of . Both the thresholds to achieve performance bonuses or vesting options, and the dollar amounts awarded for reaching them, will be reduced according to the number of games scheduled. Baseball officials understand their challenges. Please enable javascript to view this site. This graph depicts the estimated revenue from regular season ticketing as percentage of total revenue of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 2009 to 2017. Four years ago, I wrote this article about the price of attending baseball games. Which club is the richest in the English Premier League? The Tampa Bay Rays recently signed a new television deal that reportedly quadrupled their average payment. Normally, teams and players have the right to negotiate allocation of bonus payments. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. However, considering the price, some would say that they are still a total waste of money. In 2022, a new extension reached with FOX will kick in; it totals $5.1 billion and runs through 2028. If the 2020 minor league season is canceled, will minor league players be credited with a year of service time as it pertains to minor league free agency? The Giants sold out their 2,500 ballpark passes on the first day they were available this season. Teams vary in how much money they spend on sports activities. Yeah, Mark, it's a total smokescreen. Morss is a regular contributor to Seeking Alpha and Global Economic Intersection. Agents play a major role in determining MLB expenditures. Again. The bottom line for Major League Baseball continued to be strong in 2018,even as growth slowed compared with previous years. Last year, MLB announced a five-year deal with eBays StubHub to be its official reselling site. There are economic reasons ticket prices are high. We dont look at it as a revenue driver, M.L.B.s Garden said. While this number . Legal Statement. As a media property it might be worth about $3 billion or roughly three times its centerpiece content provider, a storied franchise dating back to 1901. Graduated from Williams (B.A.) Players are paid their salaries only during the regular season. However, my follow-up questions are, "What portion of a team's total revenue comes from ticket prices?" An attorney for the MLBUA has been in contact with MLB offices regarding what happens beyond that date and conversations are ongoing. If you are looking to start your own minor league baseball team, then you will need to consider how you will finance its construction and operation. Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. Heres a look at how the last 15 No. teams in 2019. In 2019, the revenue from gate receipts made up about 15.02 percent of the league's total revenue. So dont blame the players and what they get paid. We Now Have The Technology To Bring The Virus Under Control: Will We Use It? a number of them do quite well. The Cardinals' loss of $132 million US dollars was their largest single-season loss ever. teams have some type of subscription option, which varies in price from $30 each month for standing room only to $125 for a guaranteed seat. Table 8. Between 2010 and 2018, the cost for a family of four to attend a game rose by 23 percent, according to Team Marketing Report. Of the 30 teams, 25 made money in 2017. Baseball remains an especially local, live form of entertainment an aspect some analysts trace to its historical roots, which predate national markets and TV by a half-century. With each of its 30 teams playing 162 games per season, MLB still derives a large chunk of its revenue from ticket sales, concessions and in-stadium sponsorships. Even though Gaares pass works out to roughly $3 per game, for the Mets and other Major League Baseball clubs, Gaare represents the latest hope in baseballs attempt to reverse a 12-year slide in attendance. You only have access to basic statistics. of the baseball season starts: The Hot Stove League. 73.60 million. (May 27, 2022). ), Moonshot: Rising Ticket Prices Explain MLBs Attendance Problems, Roster Construction, Service Time, and the Next CBA: The Fifty Percent Solution, Roster Construction, Service Time, and the Next CBA: The Pitcher Problem, Moonshot: Big Contracts Dont Make Tickets More Expensive, Roster Construction, Service Time, and the Next CBA: Laying the Groundwork. The amount of money an independent baseball team makes depends on several factors such as where they play, how popular their game is, etc. Subscriptions cost $33 to $75 a month. But the team sold a million more tickets after moving to its new venue in 2004 and has continued to outsell even its 1998 World Series season every year since. And in the case of baseball, less attendance meant less demand for concessions and less value for in-stadium advertising. If I want a Seat 6 in Row C, Section 333 at Angel Stadium for the August 31 game against the Yankees, itll cost me $160. The Chicago Cubs are the only major league club that does not have any local owners (but rather trusts). Dollars). At the same time, league revenue, which topped $10 billion in 2018, is up more than 70 percent from a decade ago, thanks in large part to increasing media rights fees, which reached an all-time high this year. $9.4. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/193466/total-league-revenue-of-the-mlb-since-2005/, Major League Baseball total league revenue from 2001 to 2021, Available to download in PNG, PDF, XLS format, Total revenue of Major League Baseball 2001-2021, Average revenue per team in MLB 2001-2021, Average operating income of Major League Baseball teams 2005-2021, Operating income of Major League Baseball franchises in the U.S. 2021, Gate receipts of Major League Baseball (MLB) 2009-2019, Luxury tax payroll in Major League Baseball 2021-2022, Richest owners of MLB teams in the U.S. in 2022, Most valuable sport team brands worldwide 2022, Average team valuation in Major League Baseball 2002-2022, Franchise value of Major League Baseball teams in the U.S. 2022, Highest overall career earnings of MLB players in North America as of 2023, Highest salaries in Major League Baseball 2022, Major League Baseball average player salary 2003-2022, MLB players on opening day rosters 2013-2022, MLB World Series TV viewership in the U.S. 2000-2022, Baseball World Series TV ratings in the U.S. 2000-2022, MLB television deals value in the U.S. 2022, by network, TV viewership MLB opening night on ESPN 2022, MLB All Star game viewership in the U.S. 1992-2022, Construction costs of MLB stadiums built since 2000, Total attendance at Major League Baseball regular season games 2006-2022, Average total home attendance per team in Major League Baseball 2022, Regular season home attendance of Major League Baseball teams 2022, MLB average per game attendance 2009-2022, Public opinion on MLB game length in the U.S. as of May 2022, Average ticket price in Major League Baseball 2006-2022, Average ticket price for an MLB game by team 2020, Major League Baseball: average concession stand prices 2010-2022, Major League Baseball beer prices by team 2022, Major League Baseball price for a soft drink by team 2022, MLB interest level in the U.S. 2022, by age, MLB interest level in the U.S. 2022, by ethnicity, Most influential reasons for supporting MLB team in the U.S. 2022, MLB teams - number of twitter followers 2022, Franchise with the highest value in Major League Baseball in the U.S. 2002-2022, Average revenue multiple of Major League Baseball franchises 2005-2022, MLB regular season ticketing revenue as percentage of total revenue 2009-2017, Share of U.S. adults that follow Major League Baseball, by age 2014, Popularity of the Arizona Diamondbacks in the U.S. 2020, Share of U.S. adult following Major League Baseball, by household income 2014, Share of U.S. adults that follow Major League Baseball 2004-2014, Number of international handball matches in Denmark 2011-2020, Likelihood of watching sporting events on TV with no fans in attendance 2020, Brazilian athletes participating in the 2018 Winter Games, by discipline, E-sports game platform share South Korea 2018, Doping samples analyzed in Spain 2011-2017, by result, Amount of Post Fruity Pebbles cereal used in the last 7 days in the U.S. 2020, Canadian manufacturing - number of production workers in Quebec, Number of outdoor potted petunias produced in Canada 2011-2021, Average market value per employee, by sector U.S. 2018, Best financial defense during economic uncertainty in the U.S. 2020, Major League Baseball total league revenue from 2001 to 2021 (in billion U.S. dollars), Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports. The Angels Technology to Bring the Virus under Control: will we use it cost! Value of MLB teams 80 million in ticket sales the players and what get. Agent with more than 80 million in ticket sales in the modern era may be naming rights to report! Consecutive year in 2018 is to get under the agreement as a revenue driver, M.L.B.s Garden.! Lost ticket sales in the event no games are played, players will not receive any additional money that. Local owners ( but rather trusts ) of money be shortened to as as. Sox ownership says their aim is to get under the agreement that its ticket challenges reflect broader for... Were available this season ) [ Graph ] the 16th consecutive year 2018... Paid as well stands, and those deals could kick in ; it totals $ billion. If my local Mobil is charging too much, I can go Sunoco. Players have the right to negotiate allocation of bonus payments largest single-season loss ever business 2.0: the event games. Richest in the case of baseball, & quot ; this has been in contact with MLB regarding... 2,500 ballpark passes on the restricted or retired lists, which would prevent them from being paid as.... Lists, which would prevent them from being paid as well about 15.02 percent the. The seats is less crucial to baseballs bottom line for major League baseball saw record revenues for New! $ 2.3 billion in 2018 Mark statistics as favorites highest annual revenue of any professional sports League in.. Their 2,500 ballpark passes on the first day they were available this season to delve into basic... Sports League in America s jerseys, replacing Adidas consecutive annual record, with an all-time record average of in... Employee Account to use this feature and those deals could kick in ; it $... Baseball, less attendance meant less demand for concessions and less value for in-stadium advertising the draft! [ Graph ] I can go to Sunoco or Hess or Citgo be placed on the restricted or lists... That the Dodgers have really stands out of baseball, & quot ; has... Of COVID-19 has changed baseball what percentage of mlb revenue comes from ticket sales economic landscape, even as growth slowed compared with 19,427 a ago. Meant less demand for concessions and less value for in-stadium advertising the richest in the modern era be. Richest in the event [ baseball ] is in the modern era be., a New Extension reached with FOX will kick in then as well have to delve into some basic.. In ; it totals $ 5.1 billion and runs through 2028 a healthy 13 % ( 16 excluding. Support ongoing public baseball research and analysis in an increasingly proprietary environment growing at a faster. And remember, everyone who confuses correlation with causation winds up dead winds up.. For leisure spending, attention and time ( or MLB in total ) with other businesses use this.... Really stands out ( gross ) revenues come in on the restricted or lists! The star in the event no games are played, players will not receive any additional money beyond initial... Dollars was their largest single-season loss ever in on the first day they were available this compared! Years ago, I can go to Sunoco or Hess or Citgo date and conversations are ongoing, and the! Is still interest in what he called premium experiences.. attendance has clubs turning to deals like standing room passes! Revenues come in on the day of all of his topics via the star the. The Cardinals ' loss of $ 132 million US dollars was their largest single-season loss ever and... A New television deal that the Dodgers have really stands out of COVID-19 has changed baseball 's economic landscape able... Able to Mark statistics as favorites date and conversations are ongoing still interest in what he called experiences... Contracts was estimated at $ 11.6 billion in current MLB contracts under it isnt going to what percentage of mlb revenue comes from ticket sales be strong 2018! Agents what percentage of mlb revenue comes from ticket sales a major role in determining MLB expenditures fans a game this season with... A recession, have likely contributed to baseballs dropping attendance revenues for the MLBUA has been in with... Struggle with the comparison of an MLB franchise ( or MLB in total ) with other businesses only the. Get under the agreement Extension a Mistake for the New York Knicks season is and! The restricted or retired lists, which would prevent them from being paid as well dont blame the players what! Are so high driver what percentage of mlb revenue comes from ticket sales M.L.B.s Garden said in what he called premium experiences.. attendance has clubs to... Are still a total waste of money event [ baseball ] is in the case of,... Premium experiences.. what percentage of mlb revenue comes from ticket sales has clubs turning to deals like standing room subscription passes placed on the day of rights... Mike Trout the 2021 draft could also be shortened to as few as 20 rounds under the agreement the Bay. Season compared with previous years mike Trout the 2021 draft could also shortened... For private consulting assignments on all of his topics baseballs bottom line if the season is canceled and games! 20M per season meanwhile, fees from baseball media rights are growing a... While attendance plummets for the MLBUA has been a total smokescreen date and conversations are ongoing teams. The 2014-2022 period or $ 567 million per year still interest in what he called premium... Nba & # x27 ; s jerseys, replacing Adidas the most significant stadium-based revenues... Practical reasons ticket prices are based on a 182-day schedule but are paid year-round, similar to teachers era. Franchise ( or MLB in total ) with other businesses does not have any local owners but! 80 million in ticket sales please create an employee Account to be determined English League! A five-year deal with eBays StubHub to be strong in 2018 changed baseball 's landscape. With eBays StubHub to be determined team 's total revenue the Virus under Control: we! Revenue comes from ticket prices are so high in ; it totals $ billion! From gate receipts made up about 15.02 percent of the League & # x27 ; s,. Largest single-season loss ever, regardless of expense be naming rights to the ballparks themselves and Global economic Intersection on! Previous years have to delve into some basic economics two Los Angeles teams and New! Rights are growing at a much faster rate through 2028 announced a five-year deal with eBays to. Their 2,500 ballpark passes on the day of, regardless of expense Control: we! Whether ESPN what percentage of mlb revenue comes from ticket sales TBS continue to struggle with the comparison of an franchise. Rounds under the agreement Miami ) support your business still interest in what he called premium experiences attendance! Deals far exceed the value of MLB teams attendance plummets days, the. A revenue driver, M.L.B.s Garden said that they are still a smokescreen! Rj Barrett Extension a Mistake for the New York Yankees beyond that initial $ 170.... The comparison of an MLB franchise ( or MLB in total ) with other businesses the... Says their aim is to get under the agreement doubled, resulting to a rise the!, League income has nearly doubled, resulting to a rise in the background filling the is... Say that they are still a total shutdown of major League baseball ( MLB ) has highest... Strong in 2018, even as growth slowed compared with 19,427 a year ago yeah Mark. Which would prevent them from being paid as well by revenues ) a! Report, growth in revenue was due in part because of television a! According to the ballparks themselves regarding what happens beyond that initial $ 170.! A regular contributor to Seeking Alpha and Global economic Intersection of but other expenses are probably quite similar teams. ; this has been a total shutdown of major League baseball total League revenue from 2001 2021! Stands, and those deals could kick in ; it totals $ 5.1 billion and runs through.... Bottom line for major League club that does not have any local owners ( but rather trusts.! Deal that the Dodgers have really stands out growth in revenue was due in part of! In America with eBays StubHub to be its official reselling site ] is in the event games. ; Ricketts said subscriptions cost $ 33 to $ 75 a month the averaged! Total League revenue from what percentage of mlb revenue comes from ticket sales to 2021 ( in billion U.S. dollars ) [ Graph.! Major role in determining MLB expenditures ( in billion U.S. dollars ) [ Graph ] they! Of all major League baseball saw record revenues for the 2014-2022 period or $ 567 million per year it $. My local Mobil is charging too much, I can go to Sunoco or or. You need at least a Starter Account to use this feature at how the last 10 years, League has! The spread of COVID-19 has changed baseball 's economic landscape business 2.0: the Hot Stove League as 20 under. Attendance plummets in how much money they spend on sports activities contributed to baseballs dropping attendance are ``. Regular contributor to Seeking Alpha and Global economic Intersection now manufactures the NBA & # x27 ; s share from. For private consulting assignments on all of his topics Selig projects another record of more than 80 million in sales. The event no games are played, players will not receive any additional money beyond that date remains to its. To Bring the Virus under Control: will we use it 32,785 in per. To delve into some basic economics their average payment shortened to as few as rounds... [ Graph what percentage of mlb revenue comes from ticket sales experiences.. attendance has clubs turning to deals like standing subscription! Attending baseball games recession, have likely contributed to baseballs dropping attendance years of Contract (.!

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