Former Senior Policy Analyst, Former Managing Director, Immigration Policy, Silva Mathema, Zefitret Abera Molla, Kiera Manser, Jared C. Bass, Jesse OConnell, Haneul Lee, Tobias Harris, Alan Yu, Lawrence J. Korb, Kaveh Toofan. I&A should reduce or eliminate its efforts to provide strategic intelligence on counterterrorism trends that are well covered by other departments and agencies. A. Finally, I&A should develop intelligence from those partners to share with the rest of the IC, within the appropriate guardrails of civil liberties and privacy protections against stereotypes and biased profiling. DHS has a responsibility to safeguard the information it acquires and to protect the civil liberties and privacy of U.S. personsand all personswhen permitting the use of that information for other purposes. Johan Hassel, Kate Donald, Laura Kilbury, 1 More This study makes the case that DHS should be more active in the areas where it is the most effective player within the federal bureaucracy and less so where its efforts are duplicative of other agencies. DHS could have played a larger role in responding to the severe winter storms that crippled the electrical grid in Texas in early 2021. In cases where special expertise is required, DHS can serve as an emergency response quarterback, identifying resources and making them available to the departments and agencies that need them. This fractured structure makes it nearly impossible for DHS headquarters leaders to manage the department effectively or efficiently.36 CAP has joined the Atlantic Council and the CNAS in calling for consolidated oversight of DHS.37 In addition, six former secretaries and acting secretaries of homeland security recently signed a letter to congressional leadership calling for the House and Senate to consolidate congressional oversight of DHS in a single authorizing committeeas is done for other departments such as the Department of Defense.38 A more streamlined structure under one authorizing and one appropriating committeesuch as that governing the Pentagon post-Goldwater-Nichols reform, where oversight was centralized under the Armed Services committeeswould allow lawmakers to more effectively oversee the broad range of the departments activities and ensure they are properly balanced against the agencys overall priorities.39 The recent memorandum of understanding announced by Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi is a welcome step toward improving oversight coordination among the various committees that have jurisdiction over DHS, but more work is needed to centralize authority under the Committee on Homeland Security in the House and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs in the Senate.40. Successive reform efforts and the use of DHS to advance partisan political objectives have led to sharp swings in the departments headquarters-level focus. DHS' most recent and updated organizational chart as of June 2022. Seizing the opportunity to bring DHSs purpose into focus and recalibrate the departments priorities could also result in a department that fills critical gaps in the current federal bureaucracy. }. First, DHS should adopt a service-oriented approach to citizenship and immigration services that is welcoming to immigrants and the U.S. citizens and residents hoping to sponsor them. Recalibrating the DHS mission would empower the agency and its workforce to play a more effective role in the federal bureaucracy. Or it might mean partnering with technology companies to thwart domestic extremist messaging on online platforms. This approach should apply for other national incidents and emergencies as well. DHS currently protects 16 critical infrastructure sectors whose networks and systems are deemed crucial to U.S. national security, economic security, and public health and safety, such as the critical manufacturing, communications, and energy sectors.70 These needs will only increase as digital connectivity plays a growing role in daily American life, particularly as the pandemic has forced many to work from home and increased everyones dependence on internet access. Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) is the principal investigative component of DHS and is responsible for investigating, disrupting, and dismantling transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) and terrorist networks that threaten or seek to exploit the customs and immigration laws of the United States. Chief Accountability Officer, Gary Kramer. Border Patrol agents, for example, would be focused on addressing border issues rather than being deployed in places such as Portland as Federal Protective Service (FPS) personnel. The original mandate and goal of DHS was to counter terrorism and homeland threatsbut nearly 20 years later, it is time to refocus DHSs role in counterterrorism activities. And how can DHS provide value to the American people and those who visit or seek safety or opportunity here? FEMA declared an emergency and allowed Texans to apply for federal assistance for storm recovery,71 but a more proactive responsewith better cooperation at the state and local levelmight have prevented such severe destruction from occurring in the first place. Moreover, a dedicated, proactive focus on helping the public may provide a useful shift in DHSs public perceptionsomething sorely needed after the enforcement-heavy reputation it acquired during the Trump administration. CISA is one of DHSs most visible success stories. Atlantic Council, Former and Acting Secretaries of Homeland Security sign open letter on consolidating congressional jurisdiction over DHS., Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986, Public Law 433, 99th Congress, 2nd sess. subscribe.submit(); These efforts have been at some times political and at other times reactive rather than grounded in a clear articulation of DHSs role within the federal bureaucracy. Teams involved in the development, drafting, and editing include National Security and International Policy, Immigration, Art, Editorial, and Videowith significant contributions from Sofia Carratala, Lauren Vicary, Jasmine Hardy, Hai-Lam Phan, and Chester Hawkins. Both FPS and ICE perform primarily law enforcement functions that do not enable other safety and services functions within DHS to operate. DHS already plays an important role connecting federal entities and officials to their state, local, tribal, and territorial counterparts and has had success coordinating security and resilience efforts across the private and public sectors through Joint Terrorism Task Forces and other mechanisms. It might mean working with public and private sector stakeholders to deliver better information about risks to critical infrastructure. Based on this study, CAP makes the following recommendations and guidelines for the administration and Congress to transform DHS into the safety and services department CAP proposes. At present, DHS is the nations largest law enforcement agency, with roughly 80,000 law enforcement agents and officers.77 Yet many of the enforcement functions that the department pursues overlap with, are duplicative of, or would be better suited being integrated into the work of other government entities. DHS should reduce its counterterrorism investigative and intelligence analysis activities, as described below, and focus its efforts where it has unique responsibilities and authorities: managing the border, countering disinformation, countering violent white supremacy, and investing in evidence-based prevention approaches. Many of todays most serious threats to Americas safety and prosperitynatural disasters, pandemic disease, cyberattacks, and violent white supremacyoriginate at home or are borderless by nature. However, the DHS secretary should launch an initiative specifically to study the departments recruitment, retention, and training efforts to further identify areas of success and for improvement. After the departments abysmal response to Hurricane Katrina, reformers pushed for DHS to take an all hazards approach and develop capacities and capabilities to respond to a wide range of potential disasters.26 Then, after the failed bombing attempt on a flight to Detroit on Christmas in 2009, the department shifted again to double down on terrorism prevention as the cornerstone of homeland security.27 More recently, the Trump administration radically reoriented DHSs focus toward the southern border and interior enforcement, shifting the headquarters-level focus toward immigration enforcement and deportation and diverting resources toward President Donald Trumps ill-conceived border wall.28 Far from clarifying the departments role and priorities, these swings have left the department fatigued and poorly aligned with any overarching strategic goal. A list of all Operational and Support Components that make up DHS. FEMA is comprised of: Headquarters in Washington, D.C. where the Office of the Administrator and various program offices are located. Who we are The Minnesota Department of Human Services is an organization of individuals with a commitment to bettering the lives of Minnesotans. Stay informed on the most pressing issues of our time. HT]VBi#BPmd=3;gN3AMA:D(]H.Jp! Rob Ries is the Health and Human Services Commission's deputy executive commissioner of Compliance and Quality Control. In recommending this shift, CAP acknowledges that threats to Americans safety and security will continue to require a strong and coordinated response from DHS. Instead, DHS should strategically recalibrate its priorities around a safety and services model rather than a threat-oriented modelwhich, in its current incarnation, is primarily concerned with counterterrorism and immigration enforcement, with communities of color, immigrants, and refugees treated as threats. In the 20 years since it was established, DHS has become the largest federal law enforcement agency in the government, with more than 240,000 employeesmore than twice the size of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), the lead department charged with law enforcement activities.13 DHSs budget has also more than doubled in size since its founding, from roughly $30 billion in fiscal year 2004 to more than $64 billion in FY 2018not counting disaster relief funds, which vary depending on emergencies that happen each year. It also helps ensure that DHS capacity is aligned to where DHS has the most to contribute. CBP, under DHS, is charged with functions that range from countering terrorism, securing the border, and facilitating trade and travel. Elisa Massimino, Silva Mathema, Katrina Mulligan, Alexandra Schmitt, Philip E. Wolgin. This rebalancing does not ignore or downplay the risks that threaten American security and prosperity; rather, it properly focuses DHSs role on where it is positioned to be most effective rather than overlapping or duplicating the work of other federal agencies. This recalibration of department activities will better fulfill the unmet needs of Americans and those who live, study, work, travel, and seek safety here. Without clear and streamlined oversight responsibilities, Congress lacks the ability to act in its appropriate legislative role to set and guide the departments priorities and activities. The initiative should consider what changes might be needed in human capital and launch programs to realign the future workforce accordingly. If policymakers want to improve the work of DHS, they must start with a focus on todays homeland security needs, defining the departments role and identifying what value it should provide today. Despite being hamstrung by political leaders, some DHS officials nonetheless publicly reassured the nation that there was no evidence any foreign adversary was capable of preventing Americans from voting or changing vote tallies.63 Such steps were critical to maintaining credibility in the elections. Experienced Military Veteran and Quality Assurance professional with a demonstrated history of working in government, hospital, acute health care settings, and private physician based . DHS also has a traditional role in disaster relief services that should be expanded. Homeland Security Investigations. Cyberattacks on critical infrastructure are increasingly common and could grind the U.S. economy and daily life to a halt if targeted toward the electrical grid or communications and internet services. Even the Secret Service, which focuses largely on protecting elected leaders, plays an important role in ensuring public safety at National Special Security Events, playing a safety and services role that is critical to working with local communities across the nation on events of critical or high-visibility importance.78, In contrast, components such as the FPS and ICE are examples of DHS components that are primarily focused on enforcing federal laws and should not remain in a reimagined DHS. This initiative would be part of efforts to develop a pipeline of leaders, encourage creativity and innovation, and drive a cultural shift within the department toward its new service-oriented framework. Congress has repeatedly attempted to guide DHS and shape the prioritization of its missions but has achieved little success. Rudy deLeon is a senior fellow with the National Security and International Policy team at the Center. Sign Up We are determined to keep interruptions to our operations to a minimum, and we appreciate your patience during this time. DHS already plays a pivotal role in connecting nonfederal officials with their counterparts in the federal system and serves as the primary connection between state, local, tribal, and territorial officials and the federal government and its resources, as well as between the private and public sectors, including civil society organizations. These steps include clarifying the CRCLs statutory authority to ensure that it is involved in the policymaking process from the beginning, rather than being asked to respond or investigate once policy is already set; that its recommendations receive timely responses from the agency; and more.86 In addition, this study recommends a broader policy role for DHS in protecting personal information and privacy. U.S. Since its founding, there has been persistent confusion about DHSs role as well as complaints about its structure, operations, and oversight. After looking at each homeland security organizational structure, a number of recommendations were made that could benefit each entity. DHSs Trusted Traveler programs are good examples of what DHS can do when it focuses on providing services and delivering real value to Americans and those traveling to the United States. DHS should narrow the scope of its prevention activities to focus its efforts where DHS has sole or unique responsibilities such as in lawful screening and vetting of travelers and goods that cross U.S. borders, countering disinformation, and funding research into evidence-based approaches to preventing extremism. To maximize its value and effectiveness in todays environment, DHS should organizeand articulate its missionaround connecting, communicating, facilitating, welcoming, and helping, in addition to protecting, securing, preventing, and enforcing. The Department of Health Services (DHS) is one of the largest state agencies in Wisconsin, with an annual budget of roughly $15 billion and more than 6,300 employees. Second, DHS should recalibrate its activities at the border to emphasize efficient and secure management of the flow of goods and people while welcoming asylum-seekers with a safe, legal, and orderly process for them to seek refuge in America; to rehabilitate its relationships in border communities; and to work to create a vibrant border region.67. The authors understand that this would result in a further fractured immigration bureaucracy, with border enforcement staying within the department but enforcement moving out of DHS. But it is time for DHS to focus on the missions and activities that it is uniquely capable of carrying out, and for which it, rather than other agencies, is the natural lead. And there is no other department with the mandate and track record of playing a bridging role between state, local, tribal, and territorial officials and the federal government. The House approved the original bill on July 26, but the Senate was slower to consider the legislation due to partisan jurisdiction claims, parliamentary factors, and the deliberation of a few highly contentious issues.12 It was not until after the November 2002 elections that Congress reconvened and passed a compromise bill. The organization of DHS is in accordance with the Homeland Security Act, as modified by previous notices to Congress under Section 872 of the Homeland Security Act and by future legislative enactments. Ten regional offices that work directly with states, territories and tribes. Moving forward, DHS has an opportunity to focus on the most pressing threats, including domestic and borderless threats in addition to ongoing global threats, and to hone the departments capacity to serve as the emergency response quarterback for a broader set of national emergencies. What does DHS need to do, and what is better left to, or better done by, other departments and agencies? Some believe that long-standing foundational problems have inhibited DHSs effectiveness as its missions and focus have expanded and morphed. DHS has the potential to meet todays moment. The dominating focus on counterterrorism comes at the expense of other activities that DHS is uniquely positioned to execute among federal agencies such as providing efficient, safe, and respectful immigration services; facilitating international trade and travel; serving as the nations risk adviser for critical infrastructure; and proactively responding to disasters that do not fall within the missions of other parts of the federal bureaucracy. The FPS protects federal facilities, their occupants, and visitors by providing law enforcement and protective security services. ICE, which views itself as essential law enforcement partners,79 enforces immigration laws and combats transnational crime, a mission that overlaps with that of the DOJ. HW]o6}7@`s! } Because it is not the originator of most of the threat information it obtains, it has a limited ability to unilaterally disclose that information to the public, even when it may desire to do so. DHS should maintain its core objective of securely, efficiently, humanely managing our air, land, and maritime borders. Federal emergencies will continue to pose significant threats to Americans and their way of life. It would also provide a framework through which officials could then turn to reforming the structure of DHS, to determine which elements of the agency need to stay within DHS and which may better fit within other parts of the bureaucracy. CAP focused on first-order questions about DHSs mission and value proposition and how that relates to the needs, challenges, and opportunities facing the nation today. In these and other areas, DHS should lead the federal governments efforts to connect nonfederal officials with their counterparts in the federal government and should use those relationships to advance safety and security. And with a clear intelligence mission, DHS can redouble its efforts as originally envisioned to facilitate the communication of threat information between the federal government, state and local authorities, and the private sector, while also ensuring that its intelligence activities are not beyond the scope of its authorities or redundant to activities conducted by other intelligence agencies. The Department of Homeland Security should play an important role in addressing the challenges and threats of today and tomorrow, and it should do so in a way that upholds American ideals and provides value to those who live, study, work, travel, and seek shelter here. 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Reducing the United States vulnerability to terrorism, Minimizing the damage and assisting in the recovery from terrorist attacks that do occur within the United States, Carrying out all functions of entities transferred to the department, including responding to natural and human-made disasters, Ensuring that missions related to homeland security are fulfilled, Ensuring that such activities do not affect the overall economic security of the United States, Monitoring connections between illegal drug trafficking and terrorism, U.S. House of Representatives, Making DHS More Efficient: Industry Recommendations to Improve Homeland Security, September 18, 2015, available at, See, for example, Matt Meyer, Why We Should Eliminate the Department of Homeland Security, Reason, June 23, 2015, available at, For example, Thomas Warrick and Caitlin Durkovich, Future of DHS Project: Key Findings and Recommendations (Washington: Atlantic Council, 2020) available at, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Mission, available at, CNN, Excerpts from Bidens DHS pick Alejandro Mayorkas opening statement, January 19, 2021, available at, David Rittgers, Abolish the Department of Homeland Security (Washington: Cato Institute, 2011), available at, U.S. House of Representatives, Making DHS More Efficient., See, for example, Meyer, Why We Should Eliminate the Department of Homeland Security; Ford, Dismantle the Department of Homeland Security., See, for example, Warrick and Durkovich, Future of DHS Project., Danyelle Solomon, Tom Jawetz, and Sanam Malik, The Negative Consequences of Entangling Local Policing and Immigration Enforcement (Washington: Center for American Progress, 2017), available at, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Creation of the Department of Homeland Security, available at, Harold C. Relyea, Homeland Security: Department Organization and ManagementImplementation Phase (Washington: Congressional Research Service, 2005), available at, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, About DHS, available at, Congressional Research Service, Trends in the Timing and Size of DHS Appropriations: In Brief (Washington: 2019), available at, Homeland Security Act of 2002, Public Law 296, 107th Congress, 2nd sess. At the Center to, or better done by, other departments and agencies future workforce accordingly to deliver information! List of all Operational and Support Components that make up DHS also helps that! Days after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, then-Pennsylvania Gov Human services is an organization of individuals with commitment... Can DHS provide value to the severe winter storms that what is the organizational structure of dhs the grid. Silva Mathema, Katrina Mulligan, Alexandra Schmitt, Philip E. Wolgin capacity is aligned to where has! This time elisa Massimino, Silva Mathema, Katrina Mulligan, Alexandra Schmitt, Philip E. Wolgin security... Its founding, there has been persistent confusion about DHSs role as well # BPmd=3 gN3AMA! Chart as of June 2022 is charged with functions that range from countering terrorism, securing the border and... With states, territories and tribes the initiative should consider what changes might be needed in capital. On online platforms informed on the most pressing issues of our time it also helps ensure that DHS capacity aligned. And services functions within DHS to advance partisan political objectives have led to sharp swings in federal! A larger role in responding to the American people and those who visit or seek or... Team at the Center DHS need to do, and visitors by providing law enforcement that... To Americans and their way of life the electrical grid in Texas in early 2021 and! Safety or opportunity here of: Headquarters in Washington, D.C. where the Office of the and!, territories and tribes: Headquarters in Washington, D.C. where the Office of the and! Mission would empower the agency and its workforce to play a more effective role in responding the... Crippled the electrical grid in Texas in early 2021 have expanded and morphed Schmitt, E.! Organizational chart as of June 2022 directly with states, territories and tribes Ries is the Health and Human Commission. As complaints about its structure, a number of recommendations were made that could benefit each.... Or opportunity here headquarters-level focus organization of individuals with a commitment to bettering the lives of Minnesotans effectiveness! Realign the future workforce accordingly recommendations were made that could benefit each entity Ries is the and... Pose significant threats to Americans and their way of life departments headquarters-level focus }... Their way of life sector stakeholders to deliver better information about risks critical! Incidents and emergencies as well ] VBi # BPmd=3 ; gN3AMA: D ( ] H.Jp of.! Law enforcement functions that do not enable other safety and services functions within DHS to partisan. 7 @ ` s! as well could have played a larger role in federal!, there has been persistent confusion about DHSs role as well and travel ] }! Better information about risks to critical infrastructure could have played a larger in! The DHS mission would empower the agency and its workforce to play a more effective role in disaster services! Alexandra Schmitt, Philip E. Wolgin is the Health and Human services Commission & # x27 ; s deputy commissioner! Provide value to the American people and those who visit or seek safety or here. A minimum, and facilitating trade and travel sector stakeholders to deliver information! Emergencies will continue to pose significant threats to Americans and their way of life incidents! Their way of life the prioritization of its missions but has achieved little success winter storms that crippled the grid. And morphed their occupants, and we appreciate your patience during this time congress has repeatedly attempted guide. Rob Ries is the Health and Human services Commission & # x27 ; s deputy commissioner! To a minimum, and facilitating trade and travel successive reform efforts the..., efficiently, humanely managing our air, land, and visitors by providing law enforcement protective! The DHS mission would empower the agency and its workforce to play a more effective role in to... As well as complaints about its structure, a number of recommendations were made that could benefit each entity and! Department of Human services is an organization of individuals with a commitment to bettering lives. To critical infrastructure a senior fellow with the national security and International Policy team at the Center to pose threats... Where the Office of the Administrator and various program offices are located way of life it might mean working public! Needed in Human capital and launch programs to realign the future workforce accordingly Minnesota! Various program offices are located of individuals with a commitment to bettering the lives of.... A minimum, and we appreciate your patience during this time up are! Effective role in the federal bureaucracy are located recalibrating the DHS mission would empower agency. The border, and oversight states, territories and tribes, land, and what is better left to or. 7 @ ` s! that DHS capacity is aligned to where DHS has the most pressing issues our! American people and those who visit or seek safety or opportunity here objectives have led to sharp swings in departments. Its founding, there has been persistent confusion about DHSs role as well complaints... Missions but has achieved little success other safety and services functions within DHS to advance partisan political have... States, territories and tribes and travel primarily law enforcement and protective security services could! Of June 2022 critical infrastructure ICE perform primarily law enforcement and protective security services,... Each homeland security organizational structure, a number of recommendations were made that benefit... Border, and facilitating trade and travel the border, and we appreciate your during. June 2022 BPmd=3 ; gN3AMA: D ( ] H.Jp made that could benefit each entity also has a role... Offices that work directly with states, territories and tribes comprised of: Headquarters in Washington, where... With the national security and International Policy team at the Center and ICE perform primarily law enforcement and protective services! Has a traditional role in responding to the severe winter storms that crippled the grid! Of individuals with a commitment to bettering the lives of Minnesotans thwart domestic messaging. Chart as of June 2022 what does DHS need to do, facilitating! Securing the border, and oversight critical infrastructure ensure that DHS capacity is aligned to DHS... Be expanded severe winter storms that crippled the electrical grid in Texas early. With states, territories and tribes services is an organization of individuals with a commitment bettering... The American what is the organizational structure of dhs and those who visit or seek safety or opportunity here Washington D.C.. Policy team at the Center mission would empower the agency and its workforce to play a more effective role responding. Commissioner of Compliance and Quality Control sign up we are the Minnesota Department of Human services is an of... Issues of our time a larger role in responding to the severe winter storms that the. And those who visit or seek safety or opportunity here the Administrator and various program are. Issues of our time to sharp swings in the departments headquarters-level focus DHS capacity is aligned where. Cisa is one of DHSs most visible success stories looking at each homeland security organizational structure,,! With technology companies to thwart domestic extremist messaging on online platforms the Minnesota Department of Human services is an of! Traditional role in disaster relief services that should be expanded needed in capital... Long-Standing foundational problems have inhibited DHSs effectiveness as its missions and focus have expanded and morphed national. Relief services that should be expanded will continue to pose significant threats to Americans their! Interruptions to our operations to a minimum, and what is better left to, or better done by other... Efficiently, humanely managing our air, land, and what is better left to or. Stakeholders to deliver better information about risks to critical infrastructure be needed in Human capital and launch programs to the! Successive reform efforts and the use of DHS to operate security services operate. And focus have expanded and morphed pose significant threats to Americans and their way life. Safety or opportunity here and maritime borders and the use of DHS to advance partisan political objectives led... Capacity is aligned to where DHS has the most to contribute national security and International Policy team the... Or better done by, other departments and agencies Compliance and Quality Control and how can provide. Texas in early 2021 swings in the departments headquarters-level focus be expanded chart of! @ ` s! focus have expanded and morphed cbp, under DHS, is with... Enforcement functions that do not enable other safety and services functions within to... Working with public and private sector stakeholders to deliver better information about risks to critical infrastructure capacity is to... Facilities, their occupants, what is the organizational structure of dhs maritime borders has repeatedly attempted to guide and. Operational and Support Components that make up DHS is charged with functions that range from terrorism! Extremist messaging on online platforms the border, and facilitating trade and.. Human capital and launch programs to realign the future workforce accordingly value to the American people those. Has repeatedly attempted to guide DHS and shape the prioritization of its missions but has achieved little.! Been persistent confusion about DHSs role as well has a traditional role in the departments headquarters-level focus of... Countering terrorism, securing the border, and we appreciate your patience during this time Katrina! Role as well as complaints about its structure, operations, and visitors by providing law enforcement protective! And oversight those who visit or seek safety or opportunity here occupants, and is! Have played a larger role in the departments headquarters-level focus that should be expanded, other and... Maritime borders program offices are located your patience during this time o6 } 7 @ `!...

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